نسخهٔ ‏۹ تیر ۱۳۹۴، ساعت ۱۶:۴۵

apt-fast یک اسکریپت است که امکان بارگیری از مخازن APT را با اتّصال‌های موازی به کاربر می‌دهد.

روش کار

این اسکریپت ابتدا پرونده‌ها را از مخازن بارگیری کرده و آن‌ها را در مسیر /var/cache/apt/archive/ ذخیره می‌کند، سپس فرمان apt-get را اجرا می‌کند. در این حالت با وجود پرونده‌ها در مسیر مورد نظر، دیگر خود apt-get نسبت به بارگیری آن‌ها اقدام نکرده و شروع به نصب بسته‌ها می‌کند.

ساختار

این برنامه دارای دو پرونده است که یکی برنامه‌ی اصلی بوده و دیگری پرونده‌ی پیکربندی آن است. این اسکریپت از دو نرم‌افزار apt-get و aria2 استفاده می کند.apt-get به طور پیش‌گزیده در اوبونتو نصب است ، بنابراین نیاز است برنامهٔ aria2 را نصب کنید.

ایجاد

برنامه‌ٔ اصلی

اسکریپت را به روش زیر بسازید:

$ nano apt-fast

بعد متن زیر را در آن رونوشت کنید :

#!/bin/bash
#
# apt-fast v1.8
# Use this just like aptitude or apt-get for faster package downloading.
#
# Copyright: 2008-2012 Matt Parnell, http://www.mattparnell.com
# Improvements, maintenance, revisions - 2012 Dominique Lasserre
#
# You may distribute this file under the terms of the GNU General
# Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
# version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && set -xv

# Print colored messages.
# Usage: msg "message text" "message type" "optional: err"
# Message types are 'normal', 'hint' or 'warning'. Warnings and messages with a
# third argument are piped to stderr.
msg(){
  case "$2" in
    normal) beginColor="$cGreen";;
    hint) beginColor="$cBlue";;
    warning) beginColor="$cRed";;
  esac

if [ -z "$3" ] && [ "$2" != "warning" ]; then
echo -e "${aptfast_prefix} ${beginColor}$1${endColor}";
  else
echo -e "${aptfast_prefix} ${beginColor}$1${endColor}"; >&2
  fi
}

# Search for known options and decide if root privileges are needed.
root=1 # default value: we need root privileges
option=
for arguments in $@; do
if [ "$arguments" == "upgrade" ] ||
      [ "$arguments" == "install" ] ||
      [ "$arguments" == "dist-upgrade" ] ||
      [ "$arguments" == "build-dep" ]; then
option="install"
    break
elif [ "$arguments" == "clean" ] ||
      [ "$arguments" == "autoclean" ]; then
option="clean"
    break
elif [ "$arguments" == "download" ]; then
option="download"
    root=0
    break
elif [ "$arguments" == "source" ]; then
option="source"
    root=0
    break
elif [ "$arguments" == "changelog" ]; then
root=0
    break
fi
done

# To handle priority of options correctly (environment over config file vars)
# we need to preserve all interesting env variables. As this wouldn't be
# difficult enough we have to preserve complete env vars (especially if value
# ist set (even empty) or not) when changing context (sudo)...
# Set a 'random' string to all unset variables.
TMP_RANDOM="13979853562951413"
TMP_LCK_FILE="${LCK_FILE-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_DOWNLOADBEFORE="${DOWNLOADBEFORE-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP__APTMGR="${_APTMGR-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_APTCACHE="${APTCACHE-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_DLDIR="${DLDIR-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_DLLIST="${DLLIST-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_LISTDIR="${LISTDIR-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP__MAXNUM="${MAXNUM-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_aptfast_prefix="${aptfast_prefix-${TMP_RANDOM}}"
TMP_APT_FAST_TIMEOUT="${APT_FAST_TIMEOUT-${TMP_RANDOM}}"

# Check for proper privileges.
# Call explicitly with environment variables to get them into root conext.
if [ "$root" = 1 -a "$UID" != 0 ]; then
exec sudo DEBUG="$DEBUG" \
            LCK_FILE="$TMP_LCK_FILE" \
            DOWNLOADBEFORE="$TMP_DOWNLOADBEFORE" \
            _APTMGR="$TMP__APTMGR" \
            APTCACHE="$TMP_APTCACHE" \
            DLDIR="$TMP_DLDIR" \
            DLLIST="$TMP_DLLIST" \
            LISTDIR="$TMP_LISTDIR" \
            _MAXNUM="$TMP_MAXNUM" \
            aptfast_prefix="$TMP_aptfast_prefix" \
            APT_FAST_TIMEOUT="$TMP_APT_FAST_TIMEOUT" "$0" "$@"
fi


# Define lockfile.
# Use /tmp as directory because everybody (not only root) has to have write
# permissions.
# We need lock for non-root commands too, because we only have one download
# list file.
LCK_FILE="/tmp/apt-fast"
LCK_FD=99

# Set default package manager, APT cache, temporary download dir,
# temporary download list file, and maximal parallel downloads
_APTMGR=apt-get
eval $(apt-config shell APTCACHE Dir::Cache::archives/d)
# Check if APT config option Dir::Cache::archives::apt-fast-partial is set.
eval $(apt-config shell apt_fast_partial Dir::Cache::archives::apt-fast-partial/d)
if [ -z "$apt_fast_partial" ]; then
eval $(apt-config -o Dir::Cache::archives::apt-fast-partial=apt-fast shell DLDIR Dir::Cache::archives::apt-fast-partial/d)
else
eval $(apt-config shell DLDIR Dir::Cache::archives::apt-fast-partial/d)
fi
# Currently not needed.
eval $(apt-config shell LISTDIR Dir::State::lists/d)
DLLIST="/tmp/apt-fast.list"
_MAXNUM=5

# Prefix in front of apt-fast output:
aptfast_prefix=

# Set color variables.
cGreen='\e[0;32m'
cRed='\e[0;31m'
cBlue='\e[0;34m'
endColor='\e[0m'

# Set timout value for apt-fast download confirmation dialog.
# Value is in seconds.
APT_FAST_TIMEOUT=60

# Download command.
_DOWNLOADER='aria2c -c -j ${_MAXNUM} -k1M -s16 -x16 -i ${DLLIST} --connect-timeout=600 --timeout=600 -m0'

# Load config file.
CONFFILE="/etc/apt-fast.conf"
if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ]; then
source "$CONFFILE"
fi

# Now overwrite with preserved values if values were set before (compare with
# 'random' string).
[ "$TMP_LCK_FILE" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || LCK_FILE="$TMP_LCK_FILE"
[ "$TMP_DOWNLOADBEFORE" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || DOWNLOADBEFORE="$TMP_DOWNLOADBEFORE"
[ "$TMP__APTMGR" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || _APTMGR="$TMP__APTMGR"
[ "$TMP_APTCACHE" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || APTCACHE="$TMP_APTCACHE"
[ "$TMP_DLDIR" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || DLDIR="$TMP_DLDIR"
[ "$TMP_DLLIST" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || DLLIST="$TMP_DLLIST"
[ "$TMP_LISTDIR" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || LISTDIR="$TMP_LISTDIR"
[ "$TMP__MAXNUM" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || _MAXNUM="$TMP__MAXNUM"
[ "$TMP_aptfast_prefix" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || aptfast_prefix="$TMP_aptfast_prefix"
[ "$TMP_APT_FAST_TIMEOUT" = "$TMP_RANDOM" ] || APT_FAST_TIMEOUT="$TMP_APT_FAST_TIMEOUT"


# Disable colors if not executed in terminal.
if [ ! -t 1 ]; then
cGreen=
  cRed=
  cBlue=
  endColor=
  #FIXME: Time not updated.
  [ -z "$aptfast_prefix" ] && aptfast_prefix="[apt-fast $(date +"%T")]"
fi


msg_already_running()
{
  msg "apt-fast already running!" "warning"
  msg "Verify that all apt-fast processes are finished then remove $LCK_FILE.lock and try again." "hint"
}

# Check if a lock file exists.
if [ -f "$LCK_FILE.lock" ]; then
msg_already_running
  exit 1
fi


# create the lock file and lock it, die on failure
_create_lock()
{
    eval "exec $LCK_FD>\"$LCK_FILE.lock\""

    trap "_remove_lock; exit" EXIT
    trap "_remove_lock; exit 1;" INT KILL TERM

    flock -n $LCK_FD || { msg_already_running; exit 1; }
}

# unlock and remove the lock file
_remove_lock()
{
    flock -u "$LCK_FD" 2>/dev/null
    rm -f "$LCK_FILE.lock"
}


# Check if mirrors are available. And if so add all mirrors to download list.
get_mirrors(){
  # Check all mirror lists.
  for mirrorstr in ${MIRRORS[@]}; do
    # Build mirrors array from comma separated string.
    mirrors=( $(echo "$mirrorstr" | sed "s/\([^,]\+\)\s*,\s*/\1 /g") )
    # This does not the \s*,\s* trick, so we use sed instead to make it more
    # robust.
    #mirrors=( ${mirrorstr//,/ } )
    # Check for all mirrors if URI of $1 is from mirror. If so add all other
    # mirrors to (resmirror) list and break all loops.
    for mirror in ${mirrors[@]}; do
      # Real expension.
      if [[ "$1" == "$mirror"* ]]; then
filepath=${1#${mirror}}
        # Build list for aria download list.
        list="${mirrors[@]}"
        echo -e "${list// /${filepath}\t}$filepath\n"
        return 0
      fi
done
done
  # No other mirrors found.
  echo "$1"
}

# Get the package URLs.
get_uris(){
  # Add header to overwrite file.
  echo "# apt-fast mirror list: $(date)" > "$DLLIST"
  #NOTE: aptitude doesn't have this functionality, so we use apt-get to get
  # package URIs.
  for urimd5 in $(apt-get -y --print-uris $@ | egrep "^'(http(s|)|(s|)ftp)://[^']+'.+ MD5Sum:\S+\s*$" |
      sed "s/^'\(.\+\)'.*MD5Sum:\(\S\+\)\s*$/\1::MD5Sum:\2/"); do
  #for urimd5 in $(cat foo | egrep "^'(http(s|)|(s|)ftp)://[^']+'.+ MD5Sum:\S+\s*$" |
  # sed "s/^'\(.\+\)'.*MD5Sum:\(\S\+\)\s*$/\1::MD5Sum:\2/"); do
    uri="${urimd5%::MD5Sum:*}"
    checksum="${urimd5#*::MD5Sum:}"
    echo "$(get_mirrors "$uri")" >> "$DLLIST"
    #echo " dir=$DLDIR" >> "$DLLIST"
    echo " checksum=md5=$checksum" >> "$DLLIST"
    echo " out=$(basename $uri)" >> "$DLLIST"
  done
  #cat "$DLLIST"
  #LCK_RM
  #exit
}

# Create and insert a PID number to lockfile.
_create_lock

# Make sure aria2c (in general first parameter from _DOWNLOADER) is available.
CMD="$(echo "$_DOWNLOADER" | sed 's/^\s*\([^ ]\+\).*$/\1/')"
if [ ! $(command -v "$CMD") ]; then
msg "Command not found: $CMD" "normal" "err"
  msg "You must configure $CONFFILE to use aria2c or another supported download manager" "normal" "err"
  exit 1
fi

# Make sure package manager is available.
if [ ! $(command -v "$_APTMGR") ]; then
msg "\`$_APTMGR\` command not available." "warning"
  msg "You must configure $CONFFILE to use either apt-get or aptitude." "normal" "err"
  exit 1
fi


# Run actions.
if [ "$option" == "install" ]; then
msg "\n Working... this may take a while." "normal"

  get_uris $@

  # Check if "assume yes" switch is enabled and if yes enable $DOWNLOADBEFORE.
  #TODO: Get real value over APT items APT::Get::Assume-Yes and
  # APT::Get::Assume-No .
  #FIXME: Composed short options e.g. "-yV" are not recognised - we should use
  # getopts for proper option passing.
  for option in $@; do
if [ "$option" == "-y" ] ||
        [ "$option" == "--yes" ] ||
        [ "$option" == "--assume-yes" ]; then
DOWNLOADBEFORE=true
elif [ "$option" == "--assume-no" ]; then
DOWNLOADBEFORE=
    fi
done

  # Test /tmp/apt-fast.list file exists AND not zero bytes.
  # Then download all files from the list.
  if [ $(cat "$DLLIST" | wc -l) -gt 0 ] && [ ! "$DOWNLOADBEFORE" ]; then
cat "$DLLIST"

    echo -ne "${cRed} If you want to download the packages on your system press Y else n to abort. [Y/n]: ${endColor}"

    while ((!updsys)); do
read -sn1 -t "$APT_FAST_TIMEOUT" answer || { msg "\n Timed out." "warning"; exit 1; }
      case "$answer" in
        [JjYy]) result=1; updsys=1 ;;
        [Nn]) result=0; updsys=1 ;;
        "") result=1; updsys=1 ;;
        *) updsys=0 ;;
      esac
done
else
result=1
  fi

echo

  # Continue if answer was right or DOWNLOADBEFORE is enabled.
  if ((result)); then
if [ -s "$DLLIST" ]; then
      # Test if apt-fast directory is present where we put packages.
      if [ ! -d "$DLDIR" ]; then
mkdir -p -- "$DLDIR"
      fi

cd "$DLDIR" &>/dev/null || exit 1

      eval "${_DOWNLOADER}" # execute downloadhelper command
      if [ $(find "$DLDIR" -printf . | wc -c) -gt 1 ]; then
        # Move all packages to the apt install directory by force to ensure
        # already existing debs which may be incomplete are replaced
        find -type f -name "*.deb" -execdir mv -ft "$APTCACHE" {} \+
      fi
cd - &>/dev/null
    fi
else
exit 1
  fi

  #FIXME: quotes get lost: apt-fast install "foo*" -> apt-get install foo*
  "${_APTMGR}" $@


elif [ "$option" == "clean" ]; then
  #FIXME: quotes get lost (see above)
  "${_APTMGR}" $@ && {
    find "$DLDIR" -maxdepth 1 -type f -delete
    [ -f "$DLLIST" ] && rm -f -- "$DLLIST"*
  }

elif [ "$option" == "download" ]; then
get_uris $@
  eval "${_DOWNLOADER}"

elif [ "$option" == "source" ]; then
msg "\n Working... this may take a while.\n" "normal"
  get_uris $@
  eval "${_DOWNLOADER}"
  # We use APT manager here to provide more verbose output. This method is
  # slightly slower then extractiong packages manually after download but also
  # more hardened (e.g. some options like --compile are available).
  "${_APTMGR}" $@
  # Uncomment following snippet to extract source directly and comment
  # both lines before.
  #while read srcfile; do
  # # extract only .dsc files
  # echo "$srcfile" | grep -q '\.dsc$' || continue
  # dpkg-source -x "$(basename "$srcfile")"
  #done < "$DLLIST"

# Execute package manager directly if unknown options are passed.
else
  #FIXME: quotes get lost (see above)
  "${_APTMGR}" $@

fi


# After error or all done remove our lockfile

با نگه داشتن دکمه‌های ctrl+x دستور ذخیره‌سازی تغییرات را داده و سپس y را فشرده و دوبار کلید ورود را بزنید.

پروندهٔ پیکربندی

پروندهٔ پیکربندی را نیز به این صورت ایجاد کنید:

$ nano -w apt-fast.conf

سپس متن زیر را رونوشت کنید:

###################################################################
# CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
###################################################################
# Every item has a default value besides MIRRORS (which is unset).

# Use aptitude or apt-get?
# Note that for outputting the package URI list, we always use apt-get
# ...since aptitude can't do this
# Optionally add the FULLPATH to apt-get or apt-rpm or aptitude
# e.g. /usr/bin/aptitude
#
# Default: apt-get
#
#_APTMGR=apt-get


# Enable DOWNLOADBEFORE to suppress apt-fast confirmation dialog and download
# packages directly.
#
# Default: dialog enabled
#
#DOWNLOADBEFORE=true


# Choose mirror list to speed up downloads from same archive. To select some
# mirrors take a look at your distribution's archive mirror lists.
# Debian: http://www.debian.org/mirror/list
# Ubuntu: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
#
# Examples:
# To use some German mirrors and official Debian and Ubuntu archives you can use:
# MIRRORS=( 'http://ftp.debian.org/debian,http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian,http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/debian'
# 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu,http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu,http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/ubuntu,http://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/linux/ubuntu,http://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/linux/distributions/ubuntu/' )
# To use French Ubuntu mirrors you can use:
# MIRRORS=( 'http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu,http://bouyguestelecom.ubuntu.lafibre.info/ubuntu,http://mirror.ovh.net/ubuntu,http://ubuntu-archive.mirrors.proxad.net/ubuntu' )
#
# Default: disabled
#
#MIRRORS=( 'none' )


# Maximum number of connections
# You can use this value in _DOWNLOADER command. Escape with ${}: ${_MAXNUM}
#
# Default: 5
#
#_MAXNUM=5


# Downloadmanager listfile
# You can use this value in _DOWNLOADER command. Escape with ${}: ${DLLIST}
#
# Default: /tmp/apt-fast.list
#
#DLLIST=/tmp/apt-fast.list


# Download command to use. Temporary download list is designed for aria2. But
# you can choose another download command or download manager. It has to
# support following input file syntax (\t is tab character):
#
# # Comment
# MIRROR1\tMIRROR2\tMIRROR3...
# out=FILENAME1
# MIRROR1\tMIRROR2\tMIRROR3...
# out=FILENAME2
# ...
#
# Examples:
# aria2c with a proxy (set username, proxy, ip and password!)
# _DOWNLOADER='aria2c -c 20 -j ${_MAXNUM} --http-proxy=http://username:password@proxy_ip:proxy_port -i ${DLLIST}'
#
# Default: _DOWNLOADER='aria2c -c -j ${_MAXNUM} -i ${DLLIST} --connect-timeout=600 --timeout=600 -m0'
#
#_DOWNLOADER='aria2c -c -j ${_MAXNUM} -i ${DLLIST} --connect-timeout=600 --timeout=600 -m0'


# Download temp folder for Downloadmanager
# example /tmp/apt-fast. Standard is /var/cache/archives/apt-fast
#
# Default: /var/cache/apt/archives/apt-fast
#
#DLDIR=/var/cache/apt/archives/apt-fast


# APT archives cache directory
#
# Default /var/cache/apt/archives
# (APT configuration items Dir::Cache and Dir::Cache::archives)
#
#APTCACHE=/var/cache/apt/archives


# apt-fast colors
# Colors are disabled when not using a terminal.
#
# Default colors are:
# cGreen='\e[0;32m'
# cRed='\e[0;31m'
# cBlue='\e[0;34m'
# endColor='\e[0m'

نهایتا با نگه داشتن دکمه‌های ctrl+x دستور ذخیره‌سازی تغییرات را داده و سپس y را فشرده و دوبار کلید ورود را بزنید.

برای قابل استفاده کردن آن به صورت سراسری دستورهای زیر را وارد کنید :

$ sudo chmod +x apt-fast
$ sudo mv apt-fast /usr/bin/
$ sudo mv apt-fast.conf /etc/

حال می‌توانید از apt-fast در خط فرمان استفاده کنید.